Eurostat reported on July 10, 2026, that the EU population reached 452 million on January 1. Because deaths have exceeded births since 2012, the latest annual increase was sustained by positive net migration.
Eurostat’s projection places the population peak near 453.3 million in 2029 before a decline to about 398.8 million in 2100. Those long-range figures depend on fertility, mortality, and migration assumptions and do not predict religious composition.